System of Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equation Models of a Resource-Dependent Interacting Biodiversity in a Harsh Climate
Keywords:
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems, Biodiversity Modelling, Climate Stress, ODE45, Species InteractionAbstract
This study develops and analyses a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations to model the interaction between two competing leguminous species - cowpea and groundnut - under varying climate conditions and limited environmental resources. The model incorporates intrinsic growth, intra- and interspecific competition, resource consumption, and climate-induced stress factors. Numerical simulations were performed using the ODE45 solver to examine system dynamics under scenarios of no climate stress, as well as low, moderate, and severe climate conditions. Results indicate that increasing climate stress parameters significantly accelerates the decline and eventual extinction of both species, highlighting the critical role of environmental degradation in biodiversity loss. Conversely, resource availability increases over time as species populations diminish, reflecting reduced consumption pressure. A one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis further reveals that the system is highly sensitive to climate stress and competition parameters. The findings provide quantitative insight into the complex interplay between climate stress, species interaction, and resource dynamics, with implications for sustainable ecosystem management.
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